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Black Heritage 
Project

The Black Heritage Project centers on the history and people of the Talcott Street Church, Hartford’s first Black church and school for Black children, which was located on a site next to CT State Capital from 1826-1954.

Talcott St. Church

Shocked to learn that the center of Hartford’s Black community in the 19th century is currently an unmarked space in a defunct parking garage, four black students set about researching its history in published material and local archives. 

Asharee Banks (student, ENG 1020), 2023

"Who knew we had people right here in Connecticut that had an impact on Black History?"

Who was James Pennington?

The question may be asked, Why I have published anything so long after my escape from slavery?

Rev. James W.C. Pennington was born in 1807. He was born a slave in Maryland to Tighlin Frisby after Frisby’s father passed away. He and his siblings and mother lived on one plantation and his father, Basil, on another. Pennington had witnessed brutal beatings both on his father and other slaves. Having had enough after his own savage punishment, on October 22, 1827, he escaped to freedom along the Underground Railroad, a harrowing journey in which he was captured more than once before finally making it to Pennsylvania. After taking shelter with a Quaker farmer who gave James his first reading lessons, he made his journey up north and advanced quickly in his ability to read, write and speak of God’s message. Soon after becoming a pastor, he was called on to officiate the wedding of Frederick and Anna Douglass. He later attended Yale Divinity School for four years as a non-matriculated student, the first black man to attend. He served as reverend at Talcott Street Church from 1840-1847, 1853, 1856-1857. He became a well known name in the community and abroad, preaching in various places in the United States and Europe. Pennington wrote his biography, The Fugitive Blacksmith, Or Events in the History of James W.C. Pennington, in 1849. Pennington’s call to the church coincided with the trial of the Amistad captives at the nearby State House, and he and his congregation assisted the captives throughout their stay in Connecticut, eventually raising funds for their return to Africa and sending several Talcott Church members with them.

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Community Formation

In these foundational churches members found freedom, shared consent, and nurtured their religious and political authority, building vibrant Black communities in 19th- century Connecticut. Click on the following images to expand student-authored biographies and to visit related websites.

Please note: The following biographies were written by a student research team from the Liberal Arts Action Lab in Spring 2020. The students – Julian Hogan (Capital), Aliyah Freeman-Johnson (Capital), Armani Parnther (Capital), Mercy Unoh (Trinity) – were surprised to learn that the center of Hartford’s Black community in the 19th century is currently an unmarked space in a defunct parking garage. For this project, they researched the church's history in published material and local archives.

Black Heritage

Related Links

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Student Website Black Heritage Project In 2018, CT State Action Lab students partnering with Trinity College came together to commemorate the legacy of the Talcott Street Church and bring to light events within early CT history which were influenced by the church within its time.

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Faith Matters Today In 1819, a group of African Americans in Hartford grew weary of being assigned seats in the galleries and in the rear of churches and decided to begin worshiping on their own in the conference room of the First Church of Christ, now Center Church, in Hartford . This would become the first black Congregational Church in Connecticut, the third oldest in the nation.

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Your guide to research on the Black Heritage Project at the Arthur C. Banks Library. James Pennington. was black orator, minister, and abolitionist, according to the African American Registry. He settled in New Haven, and audited classes at Yale Divinity School from 1834 to 1839, becoming the first black American to attend classes at Yale. He was subsequently ordained and became a teacher, abolitionist, and author.

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Hartford Heritage Project

HHP is a place-based education initiative of CT State Capital that incorporates our community into the curriculum. Museums, historical societies, parks, community centers, care facilities, local businesses, government agencies, and other valuable local resources become an extension of our classroom. 

Created in 1965 as an independent federal agency, the National Endowment for the Humanities supports research and learning in history, literature, philosophy, and other areas of the humanities by funding selected, peer-reviewed proposals from around the nation. Additional information about the National Endowment for the Humanities and its grant programs is available at: www.neh.gov.

HHP is a program of CT State Capital and has been made possible by support of the National Endowment for the Humanities. 

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